Strong authentication requires at least two of three basic principles, something... you know / you have / you are and it is the 'something you have' that can often present the greatest logistical challenges. The concept is similar to that of a payment card; it can be used by the customer to perform transactions but the physical plastic must also be managed by the bank.
The lifecycle of a token requires careful management. Some of the main lifecycle phases include:

Cryptomathic Token Manager is an end-2-end lifecycle management tool, designed for authentication purposes. As well as supporting the lifecycle phases it enables the token Issuer to define their own 'custom states' and the mechanisms used to transfer token states, providing a flexible yet detailed model for the control of any token type.